#lang scribble/manual @(require "helper.rkt") @(require unstable/scribble) @defmodule/this-package[splayheap] @(require (for-label (planet krhari/pfds:1:0/splayheap))) @(require scribble/eval) @(define evaluate (make-base-eval)) @(evaluate '(require typed/scheme)) @(evaluate '(require "splayheap.ss")) @title{Splay Heap} Splay Heaps are very similar to balanced binary search trees. The difference between the two lies in the fact that Splay Heaps do not maintain any explicit balance information. Instead every operation restructures the tree with some simple transformations that increase the balance of the tree. Because of the restructuring on every operation, the worst case running time of all the operations is @bold{@italic{O(n)}}. But it can be easily shown that the amortized running time of is @bold{@italic{O(log(n))}} for the all the main operations @scheme[insert], @scheme[find-min/max], @scheme[delete-min/max] and @scheme[merge]. @defform[(Heap A)]{A splay heap of type @racket[A].} @defproc[(heap [comp (A A -> Boolean)] [a A] ...) (Heap A)]{ Function @scheme[heap] creates a Splay Heap with the given inputs. @examples[#:eval evaluate (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6) ] In the above example, the splay heap obtained will have elements 1 thru' 6 with < as the comparison function.} @defproc[(empty? [heap (Heap A)]) Boolean]{ Function @scheme[empty?] checks if the given splay heap is empty or not. @examples[#:eval evaluate (empty? (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6)) (empty? (heap <)) ]} @defproc[(insert [a A] [heap (Heap A)] ...) (Heap A)]{ Function @scheme[insert] takes an element and a splay heap and inserts the given element into the splay heap. @examples[#:eval evaluate (insert 10 (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6)) ] In the above example, @scheme[(insert 10 (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6))] adds 10 to the heap @scheme[(heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6)].} @defproc[(find-min/max [heap (Heap A)]) A]{ Function @scheme[find-min/max] takes a splay heap and gives the largest or the smallest element in the heap if splay heap is not empty else throws an error. The element returned is max or min depends on the comparison function of the heap. @examples[#:eval evaluate (find-min/max (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6)) (find-min/max (heap > 1 2 3 4 5 6)) (find-min/max (heap <)) ]} @defproc[(delete-min/max [heap (Heap A)]) (Heap A)]{ Function @scheme[delete-min/max] takes a splay heap and returns the same heap with out the min or max element in the given heap. The element removed from the heap is max or min depends on the comparison function of the heap. @examples[#:eval evaluate (delete-min/max (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6)) (delete-min/max (heap > 1 2 3 4 5 6)) (delete-min/max (heap >)) ] In the above example, @scheme[(delete-min/max (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6))] deletes the smallest element 1. And @scheme[(delete-min/max (heap > 1 2 3 4 5 6))] deletes the largest element 6.} @defproc[(merge [sheap1 (Heap A)] [sheap2 (Heap A)]) (Heap A)]{ Function @scheme[merge] takes two splay heaps and returns a merged splay heap. Uses the comparison function in the first heap for merging and the same function becomes the comparison function for the merged heap. @margin-note{If the comparison functions do not have the same properties, merged heap might lose its heap-order.} @examples[#:eval evaluate (define sheap1 (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6)) (define sheap2 (heap (λ: ([a : Integer] [b : Integer]) (< a b)) 10 20 30 40 50 60)) (merge sheap1 sheap2) ] In the above example, @scheme[(merge sheap1 sheap2)], merges the heaps and < will become the comparison function for the merged heap.} @defproc[(sorted-list [heap (Heap A)]) (Listof A)]{ Function @scheme[sorted-list] takes a splay heap and returns a list which is sorted according to the comparison function of the heap. @examples[#:eval evaluate (sorted-list (heap > 1 2 3 4 5 6)) (sorted-list (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6)) (sorted-list (heap >)) ]} @defproc[(map [comparer (C C -> Boolean)] [func (A B ... B -> C)] [hep1 (Heap A)] [hep2 (Heap B)] ...) (Heap A)]{ Function @scheme[map] is similar to @|racket-map| for lists. @examples[#:eval evaluate (sorted-list (map < add1 (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6))) (sorted-list (map < * (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6) (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6))) ]} @defproc[(fold [func (C A B ... B -> C)] [init C] [hep1 (Heap A)] [hep2 (Heap B)] ...) C]{ Function @scheme[fold] is similar to @|racket-foldl| or @|racket-foldr| @margin-note{@scheme[fold] currently does not produce correct results when the given function is non-commutative.} @examples[#:eval evaluate (fold + 0 (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6)) (fold * 1 (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6) (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6)) ]} @defproc[(filter [func (A -> Boolean)] [hep (Heap A)]) (Heap A)]{ Function @scheme[filter] is similar to @|racket-filter|. @examples[#:eval evaluate (define hep (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6)) (sorted-list (filter (λ: ([x : Integer]) (> x 5)) hep)) (sorted-list (filter (λ: ([x : Integer]) (< x 5)) hep)) (sorted-list (filter (λ: ([x : Integer]) (<= x 5)) hep)) ]} @defproc[(remove [func (A -> Boolean)] [hep (Heap A)]) (Heap A)]{ Function @scheme[remove] is similar to @|racket-filter| but @scheme[remove] removes the elements which match the predicate. @examples[#:eval evaluate (sorted-list (remove (λ: ([x : Integer]) (> x 5)) (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6))) (sorted-list (remove (λ: ([x : Integer]) (< x 5)) (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6))) (sorted-list (remove (λ: ([x : Integer]) (<= x 5)) (heap < 1 2 3 4 5 6))) ]} @(close-eval evaluate)